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Right Will, The Garrison in Rome.

It was set up by Louis Napoleon after the 1848 revolutions. When he intervened to throw out Garibaldi and Mazzini from their new rome republic, he left a Garrision in Rome to Protect the Pope, under the command of General Oudinot.

It was a huge problem for the Italians, and it hindered them several times, especially the efforts of Garibaldi.

Firstly, Garibaldi made an attempt to get Rome in 1862, when the Papal States and Naples was united with Northern Italy (this excludes when he initially captured the whole of southern Italy, and then Cavour forced him to hand it over). Rome stood out like a sore thumb, so Garibaldi tried to get it back. This failed, since V.E.II would pledge his support (after being told by Prime Minister Ratazzi that he couldn't) on the grounds that this would mean declaring war on the french garrison and this would obviously piss france off a bit. Therefore, Oudinot crushed Garibaldi, with Italian help!!!

In the early 1860's Garibaldi made his second attempt to take rome.
At the secret September Convention in 1864 Prime Minister Minghetti had agreed in secret with France that Oudinot's garrison there would be removed by 1866, but only if Italy agreed it would not try to take Rome from the Pope (even though they already owned the rest of the Papal States) and that Itlay would also move their capital from Turin to Florence, as a gesture that the Italians did not want rome. All this went swimmingly, though Minghetti was sacked by V.E.II for not telling him about it, especially after the riots in Turin (people there were not happy that all of a sudden their homes and businesses wouldn't be in the capital city any more). However, No sooner had Oudinot left, Garibaldi jumped on Rome, and so Oudinot turned right around and marched back to rome, and kicked garibaldi out YET AGAIN. In addition to this, V.E.II STILL couldn't pledge his support to Garibaldi since it was his country that had made the September Convention deal in the first place, which Garibaldi had now buggered up.

The only reason Italy got Rome in the end was down to the Franco-Prussian war. Bismark (The most interesting man in German history, even more so that Shitler) had successfully defeated Austria (which Italy was also involved in and this is how they gained Venetia by the way) and had now moved on to France. He led a crushingly successful campaign against them, and got all the way to Paris.

This meant that Napoleon withdrew Oudinot from his Rome garrison so that he could get his men back to Paris to help in the proper big boys' war between the real superpowers, and so Italy snuck in there behind Napoleon's back and took rome. I believe about 35 Papal Gaurds died, and about 15 Italian soldiers. Clearly this was a puny battle, but France never returned. Rome was the last peice to fall into the Italian Jigsaw, and it was all Mazzini and Garibaldi's fault for making France set up that bloody garrison.